Design of Broadband Microstrip Patch Antennas For Wireless System

Abstract

Due to the requirement for small, high-speed, and wide-bandwidth systems, communication technologies have been pushed towards the fifth generation (5G). These types of radio communication systems demand new antenna designs that are more efficient. Because of this, the new system will be able to work with more devices and meet the higher quality standards that modern applications require. In this paper, Microstrip patch antenna designed in CST software, which is the better for time domain based simulation. According to simulated results return loss of rectangular patch antenna with slotted is -49.80 dB at 28 GHz and gain is 7.58 dBi, return loss of circular patch antenna is -12.42 dB at 37.52 GHz and gain is 5.57 dBi, which are the best results got by comparing the microstrip patch and slots antenna. The designed antennas can be used for aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, and missile applications, applications. The proposed antenna would work well for 5G mobile communication because it has the high throughput that is needed. The antenna is small and light, which makes it a good choice for devices with limited space.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

New call-handling technologies are being developed to meet the increased demand for telecommunication services. Improved connection quality and new features have come with each iteration of mobile technology. Since 2009, fourth generation (4G) technology has been widely available. The Internet of Things (IoT) and "smart cities" will be made possible by the fifth-generation (5G) wireless network. There are advantages and drawbacks to each of the frequency bands that the new technology will utilise. The widespread 5G network rollout, on the other hand, demands new technological solutions and the building of antenna infrastructure. A substantial number of antennas will be erected within buildings, particularly public utility facilities such as stadiums, train stations, and retail malls, aside from the antennas used for mobile devices. Antennas erected in areas where people congregate would be smaller than those currently used in macrocell transmitters, which are larger.

The 5G network will operate in three frequency bands, namely low, medium, and high, according to the present state of standardization, which is presented in fig 1. The application of a specific band depends on its features, which include two variables in particular: radio signal propagation and spectrum resource capacity. Due to its great bandwidth, gain, and efficiency, we have chosen to employ a microstrip patch antenna that resonates between 26 and 38 GHz.

Major service kinds, such media and virtual experiences and vast connectivity machine type communication, have been recognized for the requirements of key 5G applications. This service's examples include high-quality 8K UHD (Ultra-High-Definition) distribution, video-based security, broadcast services, smart cities, smart homes, and smart offices, as well as smart metering for things like energy, gas, and e-health and online real-time education. Our 5G technical requirements for this include an increase in data throughput (Bandwidth of 1Gbps per user), high connection, more availability, and greater efficiency. When a case like COVID-19/Lockdown arises, all of these requirements will be helpful.

In the upcoming sections the theory and design of Microstrip patch antennas (Section II) is discussed. Section III elaborates the methodology of Rectangular and Circular patch antenna. Section IV illustrates the experimental results and Section V concludes the work

II. THEORY AND DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

A. Theory Of Micrstrip Patch Antennas

Upgrading the worldwide network would necessitate quick changes of devices to ensure interoperability with the new network. It is critical to reconfigure all communication systems, or else the new network will become obsolete. In any case, fast development will result in antenna alterations. As a result, it is essential to recognize the importance of developing a 5G antenna. Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are one of the most extensively used and sought-after antennas in the world of communication because they are compact and readily made, light-weight, and therefore the favored option for most communications businesses. The ability to reduce the complete circuit is considered a crucial feature of most smartphone modifications. The components of a microstrip patch antenna are a substrate plane, ground plane, microstrip feed, and a patch that might be elliptical, circular,

rectangular, etc. Copper and gold, two conducting materials, are used to make the patches.

Our microstrip patch antenna has a Rectangular and circular shape, a ground plane with dielectric substrate sandwiched between the two. RT/Duroid 5880 substrate having dielectric constant ???????? =2.2 have used for the design because it gives low dielectric loss which is applicable for high frequency and broadband applications.

B. Design Of Micrstrip Rectangular Patch Antennas

The rectangular microstrip patch antenna has the best configuration among all geometry of patches available and therefore it is widely used. To design that which is most suited for 5G applications such as e-learning, selecting the best electric substrate with a lower dielectric constant is critical, which is why Rogers RT/Duroid substrate materials with a substrate height of 0.787 mm and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0010 were utilized, Which is shown in Fig 2.

Conclusion

In this study, a proposed microstrip rectangular and circular patch antenna for forthcoming 5G applications was developed and constructed utilizing CST software with resonance frequencies ranging from 26 to 38 GHz. The designed antenna has higher gain, good signal strength, increased bandwidth for accessing, sharing, or downloading 8K ultra-high-definition (UHD) content, good return loss, required voltage standing wave ratio for efficient transmission of radio frequency power, and finally excellent antenna radiation efficiency of almost 100%, which is most important for 5G applications. Table V gives comparison of various proposed antenna un detail. The future scope is to obtain better bandwidth and gain by configuring antenna with array elements. TABLE V : Comparison of various proposed antenna Measurements of the Performance Antenna 1: Microstrip Rectangular patch antenna Antenna 2 : Microstrip Rectangular with Inset Antenna 3: Microstrip Rectangular with line slots Antenna 4: Circular patch antenna(I)28GHz Antenna 5: Circular patch antenna (II) 38 GHz Center Frequency 26.9 (~28) GHz 26.7(~28) GHz 28 GHz 28 GHz 37.5(~38)GHz BW VSWR ? 1.25 VSWR ? 1.5 VSWR ? 2 NA 1.423 GHz 2.390 GHz 1.6843GHz 3.25GHz 2.69GHz 2.93GHz 4.27GHz 5.73GHz NA NA 1.6305GHz NA NA 2.058GHz Relative BW 11.71% 10.4% 4.88% 17.17% 18.46% Gain 7.88 dBi 6.44 dBi 7.58 dBi 3.68 dBi 5.57 dBi

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Rakshitha S K, Nagaraju P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.